A mechanical device or componentAny physical part of the pipeline, other than line pipe, including but not limited to valves, welds, tees, flanges, fittings, taps, branch connections, outlets,… installed on a pipeline to prevent or mitigate the occurrence of buckling, which is a type of deformationRefers to any change in the shape, configuration, or geometry of a pipeline from its original or intended form. It results from various factors, including exter… where the pipe wall collapses or folds due to compressive forces.